Jamaican Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis)
with tangential distributed and normal
muscle forces

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ST7 TXT DAT	Strand7 v2.3 model, 14.2 MB Strand7 v2.3 text file, 21.5 MB Nastran text file, 20.7 MB All files are compressed in Winzip ® format .

MODEL DESCRIPTION: This model of the skull contains 1,133,096 4-noded tetrahedral elements and 247,854 nodes. Loads, constraints and material properties are included. Loads simulate forces imposed by the paired temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid muscles.

If the face of an element in the muscle attachment region has a “clear line of sight” to node representing the muscle insertion site, then traction is applied in that direction. If the face of the finite element does not have a direct line of sight to focal node, then muscle fibers are assumed to wrap across the element face. The anchoring of muscle fibers to the skull in this “wrapped region” results in a tangentially directed traction in the fiber bundle direction. The direction of tangential traction varies from element to element. In addition, muscle forces also include the normal traction (i.e. pressure) that muscle fibers impose on a bone as they wrap around it. Calculations take into consideration the local radius of curvature of the bone and the path length from the distal end of a muscle attachment region to each element surface.

PROJECT: This model of a Jamaican Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) was used to evaluate different methods of applying muscle loads to bone. This model contains more anatomical detail than the Artibeus jamaicensis model presented in Dumont et al., 2005.

ORGANISM: A. jamaicensis is species of leaf-nosed bat (Family Phyllostomidae, Order Chiroptera) that is common throughout the neotropics.

CITATION: Grosse, I.R., E.R. Dumont, C. Coletta and A. Tolleson. In press. Techniques for modeling muscle-induced forces on finite element models of skeletal strcutures. The Anatomical Record.

CONTACT: For more information please contact Ian Grosse.